METEORA
The word Meteora means, rocks suspended in the air or from the heavens above (word "Meteorite"). The Meteora are included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. It is an important complex of Eastern Orthodox monasteries in Greece, where the 6 monasteries, open to the public today, are built on natural sandstone rock pillars, over the town of Kalampaka, in central Greece.
The 64 gigantic rocks are composed of a mixture of sandstone and conglomerate. They create a spectacle, unique worldwide. Geologists and historians about 1000 years ago, expressed several theories regarding the creation of these rocks. The prevailing theory is that one of the German geologist Philipson, according to which million of years ago the area was a narrow and deep part of sea and a large river had his estuary in this area. The river placed matter, stones and material, transferred by its waters from central Europe. From the accumulation of these materials deltaic cones were formed. About 30 million years ago, after geological changes that took place, the central part of today's Europe was lifted the Alpes and the valley of Tempi were formed and an outlet for these waters to the Aegean Sea was created.
During the time of the alpine mountain orogenesie, solid volumes of "rocks" were cut off from the mountain chain of Pindus and as the centuries went by, the plain of the river of Pinios was formed between them. Orogenesis refers to severe structural deformation of the Earth's crust due to the engagement of tectonic plates. The word "orogenesis" comes from the Greek (oros that means "mountain" and genesis for "creation" or "origin"). It is the mechanism by which mountains are built on continents. Orogenie develops while a continental plate is crumpled and thickened to form mountain ranges, and involve a great range of geological processes collectively called orogenesis. Following the continuous corrosion by the wind, rain and other geological changes these rocks took their present form. A spectacle "unique" worldwide.
At the cavities, fissures and peaks of these
rock towers people found protection from enemies that invaded
from time to time the area. Some of these rocks reach
1800 ft or 550m above the plain. This great height, combined
with the sheerness of the cliff walls, kept away all but the most
determined visitors.
Hermits and anchorites found shelter on these rocks, seeking
mental calmness and tranquillity, while praying and seeking for
Christian perfection. According to the existing scripts monk hood
is present from the 1st millennium. Initially the
hermits were isolated, meeting on Sundays and special days to
worship and pray not only for their salvation but also for the
salvation of all people, in a small chapel that was built at the
foot of a rock known as Doupiani . Their life was simple and the
work hard.
According to scripts, Barnabas, the monk who
established the cloister of the Holy Ghost is mentioned as the
first hermit at 950-970 AD, followed by the monk Andronikos from
Crete, who established the cloister of the Transfiguration of
Jesus in the early 1000 AD. Later and around 1150-1160 AD the
Cloister of Doupiani was established. Except the aforementioned
cloisters others also existed in several cavities around the rock
of Doupiani. At the beginning of the 12th c. in the area of the
Meteora a small ascetic state was formed, having as centre of
worship the church of Mother of God extant until today at the
north part of the rock of Doupiani.
The hermits were flowing to this small church from their
hermitages in order to perform their common worship, to discuss
the several problems that concerned them and to ask for the help
from other hermits in order to carry out the hard work. The
leading man of the cloister of Doupiani had the title of the
"first".
Almost 200 years later, in the middle of the 14th c. the Monastery of the Transfiguration of Jesus on the mount was established by Holy Athanassios, who gave the big rock the name Meteoro. Since then all the rocks have this name.
During the 14th and 15th c. a time of great prosperity for the monk hood in the Meteora we have the creation of many more Monasteries and their number reaches 24. In the middle of the 14th c. monk Neilos, founded the Holy Monastery of Ascension (the Holy Monastery of Ypapanti-Candle Mass, today), and in 1517, Nectarios and Theophanes built the monastery of Varlaám, which was reputed to house the finger of St John and the shoulder blade of St Andrew.
Access to the monasteries was deliberately difficult. The first hermits climbed up the rocks using scaffolds wedged in holes of the rocks. They felt safe from political upheaval and had complete control of the entry to the monastery. Later on, the only means of reaching the monasteries was by climbing ropes, windlass and long ladders, which were drawn up whenever the monks felt threatened.
The monastery of Varlaam has an extensive net and pulley system, from which rope nets are let down several hundred feet by a windlass, today used for lifting up provisions. The ropes were replaced, as the monks say, only "when the Lord let them break". In the 1920s the first steps were carved in the rocks. There is a common belief that St. Athanasius (founder of the first monastery) did not scale the rock, but was carried there by an eagle.
As years went by, under several difficulties, conquerors of the area, thieves' raids and other factors, many of the flourishing Monasteries were abandoned (period of decline after the 17th c) and during World War II the site was bombed and many art treasures were stolen.
Today, the tradition continues for over 600 years, uninterrupted in 6 monasteries, 4 inhabited by monks and 2 by nuns.
According to popularity they are: the Monastery of the Great Meteoro, the Varlaam Monastery, the St Stephen Monastery, the Holy Trinity Monastery, the St Nicolas Anapafsas Monastery and the Roussanou Monastery. Each of them has fewer than 10 inhabitants.
Furthermore, with the generous efforts of the monks, of the local Bishop Serafim and the contribution of the state, the E.E.U. and several citizens, some more monasteries have been restored and maintained, such as:
1) The monastery of St Nicolas Badovas (dependent on the Holy Trinity monastery), and
2) Of Ypapanti-Candle Mass (dependent on the monastery of the Transfiguration or Great Meteoro).
We feel that the Meteora belong to everybody. This is your chance to see the "unique" spectacle and visit the monasteries.
If you have the time to spare visit the area on a 2 day tour combining the Meteora with a visit to Delphi, the place that the ancient Greeks called "navel of tghe earth" and the lady "pythia" predicted the future and advised people of what they should do if the wanted the favour andhelp of the Greek gods.
